Archive

Impact of the Methodology of Breast Cancer Screening Camps: A Community Based Observational Study

Research Article   Open Access
Breast cancer is a significant health concern globally and early detection remains pivotal for effective treatment. In resource-constrained settings such as India, innovative screening approaches are crucial. This study examines the impact of community-based screening camps versus hospital-based screening within a district-level hospital context, considering accessibility and outreach.

Risk and Predictive Factors of Rate of Lymph Node Invasion in Breast Cancer with Axillary Involvement

Research Article   Open Access
Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women in France. Axillary lymph node invasion has a major prognostic impact. The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk and predictive factors of the rate of lymph node invasion in breast cancer with axillary involvement.

Role of Androgen Receptor in Prostate Cancer: A Brief Update

Review Article   Open Access
Androgen Receptor (AR) is a transcription factor for testosterone and dihydrotestosterone. Prostate cancer cells' survival, growth, and proliferative activity highly depend on a functional AR. The androgen receptor gene is located on chromosome X (Xq11-12) and encodes a 919 amino acid protein with four domains.

Synthesis, Characterization, and Anticancer Activity Studies of the Novel Pyridinyl Zn (II) and Ni (II) Metal Complexes

Research Article   Open Access
Cancer is regarded as one of the «three major killers» threatening human health, and for many years, countless researchers have devoted themselves to researching anticancer agents in the hope of improving the survival rates of cancer patients.

The Importance of Biliary Drainage Catheter Diameter in Malignant Stricture

Research Article   Open Access
Efficacy of 8F and 10F biliary drainage catheters compared in patients with malignant stenosis. Between 2010 and 2012, 106 patients presenting to interventional radiology for malignant biliary obstruction were assessed and 54 patients were included in the study. Liver function tests.

How important is early Disease Detection through Regular Systematic Examinations in People older than 65 Years: An Example of Two Cases

Case Report   Open Access
Early detection of cancer in people over the age of 65 is a key aspect in the fight against this vicious disease. Aging of the body carries with it a number of changes that increase the susceptibility to developing cancer, with greater exposure to risk factors throughout the lifespan.

Primary Frontal Sinus Carcinoma: A Case Report

Case Report   Open Access
Primary frontal sinus carcinoma is rare, with an incidence of 0.3-1% of all paranasal sinus carcinomas. We present an 84-year-old woman who, about a month ago, developed erythema and edema of the skin of the upper eyelids and glabella, accompanied by eye discharge and slight tenderness to touch.

Environmental and Ingestible Toxins: A Review of their Role in the Development of Colon and Rectal Cancer

Review Article   Open Access
In this paper, we review the epidemiological evidence on the relationship between environmental and ingestible toxins and colorectal cancer. We searched PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science for epidemiological studies on environmental and ingestible toxins and colorectal cancer published before June 1, 2022.

Medical Aid in Dying in Pakistan

Mini Review   Open Access
Medical Aid in Dying, or Physician Assisted Suicide, is the practice of hastening the death of those suffering from an incurable disease, such as cancer, or a debilitating disorder, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. It is a practice that is gaining acceptance in many countries around the world.

Efficacy and Safety of Shen Fu Injection Alleviating Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neurotoxicity: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Research Article   Open Access
To analyze the effect of Shenfu injection on Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy (CIPN) at different stages of tumor chemotherapy. An analysis of 153 patients who were divided into chemotherapy group and combined group was performed chemotherapy within two to six cycles with oxaliplatin or paclitaxel, and combined with or without Shenfu injection.

Recent Advances in Gastrointestinal Neuroendocrine Tumor Classification

Review Article   Open Access
Gastrointestinal Neuroendocrine Tumors (GI-NETs) encompass a broad spectrum of neoplasms arising from neuroendocrine cells, showcasing diverse clinical manifestations and behaviors. The evolution of GI-NET classification has been marked by advancements in histopathology, molecular biology, imaging, and biomarker discovery.

Reversible Toxic Encephalopathy related to Treatment with Capecitabine: A Discussion about Chemotherapy-Induced Neurotoxicity and a Case Report

Case Report   Open Access
Capecitabine is a chemotherapeutic widely used in current medical practice, quickly replacing 5-Fluorouracil in the treatment of certain cancers. Although it is rarely encountered, neurotoxicity is an adverse effect that should not be neglected, especially if elderly patients are involved.

Efficacy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Treatment alone for Recurrent and Refractory Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: A Case Report and Literature Review

Case Report   Open Access
Prostate Cancer (PCa) is a malignant tumor that occurs in the epithelial gland of prostate, and it ranks 6th in the incidence rate of malignant tumors among men in China, while the death rate ranks 2nd. The probability of distant metastasis can be as 30 high as 70%, with bone metastasis being the most common.

Thymic Epithelial Tumour Size Reduction after Steroid Therapy without Chemotherapy: A Possible Tumour Treatment? Case Report and Literature Review

Case Report   Open Access
Myasthenia Gravis (MG) is a neuromuscular junction disorder characterised by antibodies directed against postsynaptic antigens (mainly the Acetylcholine Receptors (AChR)). The management of MG symptoms relies on the utilization of anticholinesterases (such as Pyridostigmine), immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory therapies, including therapeutic plasmapheresis or high-dose human immunoglobulin.

Computer-Aided Diagnosis System Based on Deep Learning for Diagnosis of Atypical Endometrial Hyperplasia and Endometrial Cancer on Hysteroscopy

Research Article   Open Access
Hysteroscopy is an effective tool to diagnose and treat abnormal uterine bleeding or uterine cavity abnormalities, especially precancerous or cancerous disorders. In this study, we proposed an Endometrial Cancer (EC) Computer-Aided Diagnosis System (ECCADx) based on deep learning to boost the diagnostic accuracy.

Isolated Breast Sarcoidosis

Case Report   Open Access
Sarcoidosis is a rare non-caseating granulomatous disease of unknown origin that affects multiple systems in the body occurring more frequently in young women age 17-24 years.

RAD6 Overexpression and Ovarian Cancer Chemo-Resistance: Flow Cytometry and Immunohistochemistry

Research Article   Open Access
Ovarian cancer is one of the deadliest women's cancers in the world. Nearly all the patients have poor prognosis and recurrence after standard therapy because of chemo-resistance. The standard therapy is cytoreductive debulking surgery followed by platinum-based chemotherapy.

Oral Tissue Lesions Manifestation in Cancer Patients Following Chemotherapy and Head and Neck Radiation Therapy

Review Article   Open Access
As is known, cancer therapy includes a complex of therapeutic measures: chemotherapy, radiotherapy and radical. The purpose of this study was to review the literature on the main oral tissue complications arising from chemotherapy and radiation therapy in the head and neck region.

A Simplified Approach for Evaluation and Management of Thyroid Incidentalomas

Review Article   Open Access
The incidence of thyroid nodules has become exceedingly common seen in as many as one in seven adults owing to the increased detection through routine imaging studies. These are called incidental thyroid nodules or incidentalomas, many of which are occult differentiated micro carcinomas.

Elucidating the Role of Malnutrition in Acute Leukemia Patients and How it Leads to Adverse Events During Hospitalization: An Interesting Study

Research Article   Open Access
Malnutrition negatively impacts patients with hematologic malignancies and is considered a poor marker and indicator of prognosis. Our study explored the association between malnutrition and patients hospitalized with acute leukemia, including patients with both acute myeloid and acute lymphocytic leukemia.

Comparative Analysis of Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition Impact on Outcomes in Esophageal Cancer Patients: A Paradigm for Nutritional Optimization in Oncology

Research Article   Open Access
Individuals diagnosed with esophageal cancer face a pronounced risk of malnutrition, primarily attributed to the early onset of gastrointestinal obstruction. This risk persists and may even intensify following therapeutic interventions and the subsequent reconstruction of gastrointestinal passages. The current study focuses on elucidating the differential impact of enteral vs. parenteral nutrition on outcomes in patients hospitalized with esophageal cancer.

Revealing the Correlation Between Multiple Myeloma and Frailty: Contemporary Perspectives and In-Depth Insights

Research Article   Open Access
The research sought to assess the association between frailty and hospitalized individuals with a diagnosis of multiple myeloma. The National Inpatient Sample database for 2019-2020 was queried to identify individuals over 18 years diagnosed with multiple myeloma, utilizing the appropriate ICD-10 codes.

Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Portal Vein Thrombus has Achieved Complete Remission by Hepatic Arterial Infusion Chemotherapy Combined with Anti-PD-1 Therapy: A Case Report

Case Report   Open Access
A 56-year-old female was diagnosed with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT) in December 15, 2021. Half a month after oral sorafenib treatment, the patient experienced hematemesis and systemic rash reactions and was admitted to our hospital. An abdominal MRI revealed an 8.6 cm mass in the right lobe of the liver with PVTT.

Resection of a Gastroblastoma in an Adult Patient: An Unsuspected and Unusual Tumor

Case Report   Open Access
Since the first description of gastroblastoma in 2009, 19 cases have been previously reported, most of them in young adults and children. The prognosis is uncertain, however, malignant tumors have been described. A female patient, 44-years-old was studied with upper endoscopy and abdominal tomography for an incidentally found, submucosal tumor of the gastric antrum.

Empowering Oncologists to Successfully Address Non-Medical Opioid Use During Cancer Treatment: A Review of Best Practices

Review Article   Open Access
Non-medical opioid use (NMOU), opioid use disorder (OUD) and substance use disorders (SUD) in patients with cancer present an ongoing and growing challenge to the teams caring for them, especially their most trusted partners, oncologists.

Adult Intradural Extramedullary Ewing's Sarcoma of the Lumbar Spine and Involving the Intervertebral Foramen: A Case Report

Case Report   Open Access
Spinal intradural extramedullary Ewing's sarcoma (IEES) is very rare. Here, we report an adult IEES located in the lumbar spine and involving the intervertebral foramen. A 45-year-old gentleman presented with a one-month history of low back pain. The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) showed occupation of the spinal canal and right intervertebral foramen at L4-5 levels.

The Effects of Calcium Channel Blocker Combined with Oxaliplatin on Apoptosis of Bladder Cancer Cells

Research Article   Open Access
This experiment explores the effect of calcium ion (Ca2+) on oxaliplatin-induced bladder cancer cell apoptosis and investigates the impact of blocking calcium channels on oxaliplatin-induced bladder cancer cell apoptosis. Bladder cancer cells were cultured in vitro.

Use of Platelet to Lymphocyte Ratio for Prediction of Progression-Free Survival in Patients with Advanced Melanoma Treated with First-Line Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors

Research Article   Open Access
Several blood biomarkers have been evaluated for response and survival in melanoma patients. Until recently, no unifying biomarkers have been defined. We performed a retrospective analysis of clinical outcomes in patients with stage IV melanoma treated with first-Line Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (ICI) at Samsung Medical Center from December 2016 to June 2021.

Huge and Hemorrhagic Primary Undifferentiated Small Round Cell Tumor of the Orbit: A Case Report

Case report   Open Access
Small round cell sarcomas are defined by malignant, round, small, relatively undifferentiated cells. When a tumor is poorly differentiated, identification of the diagnostic and morphological features is difficult and therefore, no definitive diagnosis may be possible [1].

First-Line Treatment of Metastatic Bladder Cancer: The Surrender of the Last Chemotherapy Battalion

Short Report   Open Access
Bladder cancer is a frequent neoplasia ranking 10th most common in the world, with more than 573,000 new cases diagnosed annually. Their majority are diagnosed at an early stage, but approximately 50% of patients who undergo surgery will experience disease recurrence and 20% develop metastatic disease [1]. Although the objective response of 50 to 70% seen with chemotherapy alone in the first-line setting, the poor durability of responses presents a major challenge in metastatic disease approach [2].

Primary Intracranial Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Case Report and Literature Review

Case Report   Open Access
Intracranial Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) is a rare condition and relatively few cases have been described in the literature. Despite the poor prognosis, no standardized treatment protocols have been developed. In the present article, we report a case of primary intracranial SCC with a review of the literature.

Recurrence of Checkpoint Inhibitor Pneumonia More than Three Years after Discontinuation of an Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor

Case Report   Open Access
Many immunerelated Adverse Events (irAEs) resolve after discontinuation of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (ICIs) and treatment with immunosuppression, most commonly corticosteroids. However, some irAEs can recur or persist after discontinuation of ICIs. We herein report a case of Checkpoint Inhibitor Pneumonitis (CIP) with repeated remissions and recurrences for more than three years after discontinuation of immunotherapy in a patient with renal cell carcinoma.

Techniques for Diagnosis and Treatment of Pathological Nipple Discharge

Review Article   Open Access
Nipple discharge is recognized as the third most common breast symptom, following breast pain and lumps. Although it is related to benign diseases mainly, an incidence of 5% to 12% associated with breast carcinoma still occurs. An entire procedure, therefore, of evaluating nipple discharge starts from historical inquiry and physical examination.

Does Liver MRI Require Intravenous Contrast Medium?

Research Article   Open Access
The aim of this study was to evaluate if and for which indications intravenous contrast medium (CM) is required in liver MRI. The native sequences (T1w DIXON, T2w, T2w FS and DWI) of 240 consecutive liver MRI examinations were retrospectively evaluated by two radiologists in consensus.

Clock Drawing Test Common Errors in Older People with Cancer

Research Article   Open Access
The Clock drawing test (CDT) is a time-efficient cognitive screening instrument validated in older patients with cancer. Our aim was to describe the CDT patterns of errors in a sample of older patients with different cancer diagnosis.

Hypereosinophilia with Renal Injury Caused by Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor

Case Report   Open Access
This clinical case presents a 55-year-old man with a locally-advanced malignant kidney tumor. The patient receives a radical nephrectomy and adjuvant pembrolizumab. The patient develops hypereosinophilia with organ-specific kidney injury.

Monitoring the Time-Dependent Effects of Prostate Brachy- and Radiotherapy

Research Article   Open Access
External beam radiotherapy (EBRT), brachytherapy (BT), and a combination of BT with EBRT are among common treatments for localized prostate cancer. Published studies reveal variations in treatment approaches, both in total radiation dose delivered to the prostate and in efficiency of the treatment.

Ovarian Cancer: Overview Related to Affected Age, Risk Factors, Histological Types, Staging and Symptoms in Sudan

Short Commentary   Open Access
The most common type of female reproductive cancer that leads to death is ovarian cancer. Early detection of ovarian cancer is challenging due to the lack of distinct symptoms and inadequate screening techniques, leading to a diagnosis of advanced-stage disease in around two thirds of patients.

Autoimmune Cytopenias in Children with Hodgkin's Lymphoma

Case Series   Open Access
This study aims at discussing autoimmune cytopenias (AIC) in Hodgkin's Lymphoma (HL) by reporting three cases which were diagnosed and treated in the Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology at Ankara University School of Medicine. HL is known to have rarely AIC including autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA), autoimmune thrombocytopenia and autoimmune neutropenia.

ITCH is a Prognostic Biomarker and Immune Infiltrates in Lung Squamous Cell Adenocarcinoma

Research Article   Open Access
Background: The treatment of lung squamous cell carcinoma is limited and shows resistance to various treatment methods. TCGA-LUSC data set was obtained from the TCGA website, and use different R packets to analyze the difference in the expression of ITCH in lung squamous cell carcinoma, its role in the prognosis, the difference in the distribution of immune cells and the calculation of immune score.

A Narrative Review on Synaptotagmin 13

Review Article   Open Access
Synaptotagmin 13 (hereinafter stated as Syt13) is a pro-endocrine factor required for endocrine-lineage specification during mouse pancreatic development. To notion, activation of the transcription factor Neurog 3 (hereinafter stated as Ngn3) epithelial cells in the pancreatic cord leads to the rapid progression into post-mitotic Ngn3high endocrine -committed precursor state.

5-Fluorouracil Regulates Collagen Synthesis to Reduce Hypertrophic Scar Formation in Donkey Skin Wounds

Research Article   Open Access
Background: Excessive proliferation of fibroblasts, which produce collagen, leads to Hypertrophic Scar (HS) formation in the wound healing process. 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is an anti-metabolic drug that inhibits fibroblast proliferation. The aim of this study was to determine whether 5-FU could help in reducing the healing time of wounds and HS formation in donkey skin

Immunotherapy in Triple Negative Breast Cancer: Approved and in Development Anti PD-(L) 1

Review Article   Open Access
Breast cancer is the most diagnosed cancer in women, it can be classified based on the expression of certain types of receptors. Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) is the least common subtype but with the worst diagnosis for patients because it is an aggressive cancer without expression of Estrogen Receptor (ER), Progesterone Receptor

Rare Gastrointestinal Tumors: How Often do we Operate on Such Tumors? A Single-Center Study from a Regional Hospital

Research Article   Open Access
Background: Several types of rare tumors, benign and malignant, have infrequently been reported and dealing with them remains a challenge. Rare tumors can occur in every organ and in every age. Aims/Methods: Forty-one rare tumors of the gastrointestinal tract were identified in forty patients, operated in a secondary, regional center, over a 15-year period.

Cervical Cancer Risk Factor Awareness and Utilization of Screening Program among Women in United Arab Emirates

Research Article   Open Access
Background: Cervical cancer is the principal cause of cancer deaths among women worldwide. Mortality associated with the condition is expected to increase by 25% in the next decade. Among Emirati women, cervical cancer ranked fifth among all cancers. More cases are being reported in younger women.

The Value of MRI-Based Radiomic Nomograms in Differential Diagnosis and Metastasis Prediction of Rhabdomyosarcoma and Neuroblastoma in Children

Research Article   Open Access
Background: Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) and Neuroblastoma (NB) are highly malignant soft tissue sarcoma with tendency to metastasize. Due to the similarities in clinical manifestations and imaging features between RMS and NB, they are often misdiagnosed, which resulted in improper treatment progression of the mass.

Urachal Adenocarcinoma and Immunotherapy Treatment: Case Report from Palestine

Case Report   Open Access
Urachal cancer is a rare form of bladder cancer that arises from the urachus, a vestigial musculofibrous band that extends from the dome of the bladder to the umbilicus. Urachal cancer often presents at an advanced stage and has a dismal prognosis.

Brain Metastases as the Most Responsive Metastatic Site to Immunotherapy in Patients with Metastatic NSCLC

Research Article   Open Access
Although immune checkpoint inhibitors have revolutionized treatment landscape for patients with non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) - influences on brain metastases (BM) are still uncertain due to the fact that these patients have generally been excluded from clinical trials or have been underrepresented.

Management of Anal Adenocarcinoma in Italy: National Survey by the Italian Association of Radiotherapy and Clinical Oncology (AIRO) Gastrointestinal Tumors Study Group

Research Article   Open Access
Aims: Anal canal adenocarcinoma is a rare neoplasm and there is currently no consensus on optimal management. Indeed, some clinical studies support trimodal therapy (similar to the treatment approach of locally advanced rectal adenocarcinoma) and others studies support definitive radiochemotherapy (similar to anal squamous cell carcinoma).

The Innovations Regarding the Use of Zinc and Selenium Ions in Cancer Therapy

Short Commentary   Open Access
Zinc is part of the micronutrients class and it is essential for all organisms. The growth and development organisms in human subjects depend stricltly on zinc. It is considered to be an indispesable mineral as it is necessary for the production of many enzymes vital to human organism, being a component of structural and regulatory proteins, including transcription factors, and forming so-called 'zinc fingers' (sequences which allow the transcription factors to be linked to DNA). Many studies have shown the link between the serum concentration of Zn2 ions and the concentration of certain cytokines.

Monocular Tunnel Vision Produced by Oxaliplatin

Case Report   Open Access
This case report presents a 60-year-old male with metastatic colon cancer. After the first administration of FOLFOX6 plus bevacizumab, the patient presented sudden, transient and repetitive monocular tunnel vision. The clinical and complementary study allows the diagnosis of retrobulbar optic neuritis caused by oxaliplatin. This complication by oxaliplatin is rare, therefore, this report contributes to the scarce literature on the subject. Finally, we conclude that ocular disorders should be looked for in a targeted manner when using oxaliplatin, because if the patient's exposure to this cytotoxic drug continues, ocular damage may be irreversible.

Clinicopathological Features of 106 Cases of Chinese Patients with Acral Melanoma

Research Article   Open Access
Objectives: This paper aims to characterize and study clinicopathological features of acral melanoma in Chinese patients. Methods: The clinical and pathological data of patients diagnosed with AM in Hangzhou Third People's Hospital from October 2016 to October 2020 were collected, and their clinicopathological characteristics were retrospectively analyzed. Results: A total of 106 patients were included in the study, including 58 females (54.72%) and 48 males (45.28%).

Hematological Parameters in Endometrial Cancer; Worse Prognosis Reflecting Tumor Aggressiveness or Reduced Response to Radiotherapy?

Research Article   Open Access
Objective: In Endometrial Cancer (EC), preoperative anemia, thrombocytosis and leukocytosis appear to be associated with worse prognosis. It remains unclear whether these parameters solely reflect tumor aggressiveness, or also impact response to adjuvant treatment. Therefore, our primary aim is to evaluate the prognostic relevance of anemia, thrombocytosis and leukocytosis on survival in EC. Secondary, to explore their predictive relevance in response to radiotherapy in EC.

Modern Opportunities of Stereotaxic Radiation Therapy in the Treatment of Recurrent Cervical Cancer (Cc)

Research Article   Open Access
Сervical cancer is the first in the structure of oncogynecological pathology, while in the last decade there has been a steady increase in the incidence of cervical cancer. The aim of the study was to determine the possibilities of using stereotaxic radiation therapy technologies in treatment programs for recurrent cervical cancer based on a retrospective analysis of the primary treatment of cervical cancer.

Evaluation of Dosimetry Metrics in Single Isocenter Multiple Targets and Single Isocenter Single Target in the Treatment of Brain Metastases

Research Article   Open Access
Purpose: This study compares two LINAC-based techniques for treating multiple brain lesions using quantitative evaluation of plan dosimetric indices. Material & Methods: Twenty-one patients with a total of 168 targets were selected. All plans were designed with five non-coplanar arcs in the RayStation treatment planning system (TPS).

In-Situ Follicular Neoplasia: A Case Series

Research Article   Open Access
Introduction: Precursor lymphoid lesions have long been recognized in hematopathology. Monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis has been established as a precursor to CLL, and NK-cell enteropathy was recently identified as a lymphoproliferative disease mimicking NK/T-cell lymphoma in the digestive tract.

Curcumin Mitigated TCE-induced Toxicity of A549 cell by Regulating Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis

Research Article   Open Access
Trichloroethylene (TCE), as a known cytotoxic substance, causes oxidative stress in cells. Curcumin exhibits extensive pharmacological effects, especially antioxidant and antitumor activities. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect and underlying mechanism that curcumin alleviates the toxicity induced by TCE in human lung cancer A549 cells.

Fluoropyrimidine Dose Based on Uracil Plasma Concentration Impairs Survival in Patients

Research Article   Open Access
Fluoropyrimidine drugs (5-flurouracil (5-FU) / capecitabine) are the backbone of therapeutic regimens for digestive carcinomas and can lead to severe toxicities. To lower that risk, the French health authorities recommend dose adaptation based on plasma uracil concentration. Since dihydro pyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) catabolises more than 80% of 5-FU, a uracil threshold of ³16 ng/mL has been considered as partial DPD deficiency.

Eulophia Gracilis Orchid Profers Mitigative Influence on Benzene-Initiated Onco-Hematologic Toxicities in Male Wistar Rats

Research Article   Open Access
The steady use of benzene and benzene containing products in the industry and its relative environmental exposure necessitated the investigation and search for antidote that can abate its hematological toxicity preceeding leukemogenesis. Eulophia gracilis (EG) is a medicinal orchids used traditionally as aphrodisiac and for the treatment of blood diseases.

Typical Pulmonary Carcinoid Tumours and the Relevance of Ki-67 Index: A Tertiary Centre Experience in South Australia

Research Article   Open Access
Pulmonary carcinoid tumours are a rare type of neuroendocrine primary lung malignancy. The WHO classifies carcinoids as typical (TC) and Atypical Carcinoid (AC) based on mitotic rate and necrosis on histology [1,2]. It is widely accepted that TC has a better overall prognosis than AC.

Comparative Dosimetric Study Using Various Applicators for Vaginal Cuff Brachytherapy; Three Ovoid Technique Proposal

Research Article   Open Access
Vaginal-cuff brachytherapy is the adjuvant treatment in women with intermediate-high risk of endometrial or uterine cervical cancers. The most common applicators are single-channel vaginal cylinders and two-symmetric ovoid applicators according to the shape of the stump. For two-ovoid applicators, the distance between them depends on the therapist and vaginal size. A greater distance means a lower dose in the vaginal apex point. To overcome this problem, this study proposes brachytherapy plans using three-ovoid applicators to improve insufficient dose distribution.

Submandibular Salivary Glands Swelling after Computed Tomography Contrast Media

Case Report   Open Access
Swelling of the salivary glands following the administration of iodine-containing contrast media, known as "iodide mumps", is a rare but benign adverse reaction. In this paper, a case of iodide mumps is presented.

Comparison of Thalidomide Versus Apatinib for Prevention of Camrelizumab-Induced Reactive Cutaneous Capillary Endothelial Proliferation

Research Article   Open Access
We evaluated the effect of thalidomide and apatinib in prevention of camrelizumab-induced Reactive Cutaneous Capillary Endothelial Proliferation (RCCEP). In this study, patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to either camrelizumab plus thalidomide therapy (thalidomide group) or camrelizumab plus apatinib therapy (apatinib group). The incidences of RCCEP and the adverse events of thalidomide and apatinib were analyzed.

Βenign Brenner Tumor of the Ovary with Unusual Large Size. A Case Report with Immunohistochemical Analysis

Case Report   Open Access
We report a case of benign Brenner tumor of the left ovary that occurred in a 59-year-old woman. The patient presented with uterine bleeding. Clinically an abdominal mass was palpable. A computed tomographic (CT) scan displayed a left solid adnexal mass. Surgical excision of the mass and total hysterectomy was performed. Grossly, the tumor was 18 cm in maximal dimension with lobulated outline and solid, firm, gray-white, fibromatous cut surface.

Herbal Medicine Dihydroartemisinin Inhibits Colorectal Cancer by Regulating PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway

Research Article   Open Access
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most prevalent digestive tract cancer worldwide (9.7%), with a severe morbidity and mortality rate. The major therapeutic medications for CRC today are chemotherapy and targeted monoclonal antibodies, however, they all have drawbacks such as high cost, drug resistance, and substantial immunological adverse effects, and not all patients can benefit from them. Dihydroartemisinin (DHA), an artemisinin derivative, has been shown to have antimalarial and anticancer properties against several drug-resistant sensitive cancers.

Genome-Wide Analysis of the Regulatory Network of Immune Infiltration-Related RAS and RBP Regulators in Metastatic Osteosarcoma

Research Article   Open Access
Osteosarcoma is a primary malignant bone tumor commonly found in children and young adults. The prognosis of patients with metastatic osteosarcoma is very poor. Different studies have shown that immune infiltration is associated with osteosarcoma metastasis. However, the cellular composition of immune infiltrates may vary slightly in osteosarcoma metastases. Recent studies have reported that abnormal alternative splicing regulation is related to the occurrence and development of cancer.

Network Pharmacology Study on Hypoglycemic and Lipid- Regulating Mechanism and Pharmacodynamic Material Basis of Crataegi Fructus

Research Article   Open Access
To use the method of network pharmacology to predict the mechanism of Crataegi fructus hypoglycemic and lipid regulation and its pharmacodynamic material basis. Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacolog Database (TCMSP), Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrative Database (TCMID), Bioinformatics Analysis Tool for Molecular mechanism (BATMAN), and GeneCards databases were used to mine the active components of Crataegi fructus and their targets for hypoglycemic and lipid-lowering.

A Case Report and Literature Analysis of Dorsal Hand-Foot Syndrome Induced with Albumin-Bound Paclitaxel

Case Report   Open Access
Dorsal hand-foot syndrome (dorsal HFS), also known as an atypical presentation of hand-foot syndrome (HFS) on the dorsum of hands and feet. Only taxanes have been reported to develop dorsal HFS according to the current literature reviews. Nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel (nabpaclitaxel) as a new type of taxanes, however, there are no covers about this dermatologic toxicity syndrome. This article will expound a rare dermatology adverse reaction induced by nab-paclitaxel and review dorsal hand-foot syndrome from clinical manifestations, differential diagnosis, possible pathogenesis and potential therapies.

EGFR-Regulated EMT is a Driver of Vasculogenic Mimicry in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

Research Article   Open Access
Vascular mimicry is emerging as a potential target for anti-tumorigenesis. It involves the formation of microvascular channels composed of tumor cells. However, the mechanism of how tumor cells build into microvascular channels is not clear. The existence of a relationship between EMT and VM has been reported in the literature but the exact regulatory mechanism is unclear. Whether EMT regulates VM formation and its specific mechanism need to be further verified in NPC.

Analysis of PKM2 Expression and Prognostic Significance in Liver Cancer Based on TCGA Database

Research Article   Open Access
Liver cancer is a malignant and invasive tumor with poor prognosis. Recent studies have shown that the expression of PKM2 is of great significance to cancer. The purpose of this study was to clarify the relationship between the expression of PKM2 and liver cancer and its effect on the prognosis of liver cancer. We downloaded the data of patients with liver cancer and their RNA-seq expression results from The Cancer Genome Atlas database and analyzed the expression of PKM2.

Laparoscopic Surgical Treatment of GISTs in an Emergency and Elective Regime: Literature Review and Report a Case

Case Report   Open Access
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (GISTs) are the most common mesenchymal tumors of the alimentary tract; they arise from the interstitial cells of Cajal, pacemaker cells interposed between the smooth muscle cells of the digestive tract and intramural neurons and characterized by the over expression of tyrosine kinase receptor C-Kit, (CD117), a type III tyrosine kinase receptor for stem cell growth factor, were found to be the source of GISTs

Aflibercept Plus FOLFIRI for Colorectal Cancer in Bulgarian Clinical Practice

Research Article   Open Access
The VELOUR randomized placebo-controlled phase III trial established aflibercept combined with FOLFIRI as an effective regimen in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) after failure of an oxaliplatin-based regimen. Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) was not evaluated in VELOUR trial. The current study prospectively evaluated the impact on HRQoL (using the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Colorectal - FACT-C scale), the effectiveness, and tolerability of aflibercept plus FOLFIRI prescribed in Bulgarian patients with mCRC in daily clinical practice.

Photodynamic Therapy Combined with PD-1 Inhibitor for Bronchial Tumors: One Case Report and Literature Review

Case Report   Open Access
Recent experimental studies have found that photodynamic therapy (PDT) combined with programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death-Ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors can effectively inhibit in situ tumor growth and prevent tumor recurrence and metastasis, and has emerged as a new therapeutic option. However, clinical data is still limited. Here, we present a case report of a patient with advanced lung cancer who achieved complete remission (CR) after PDT combined with a PD-1 inhibitor and was free of recurrence and metastasis during 14 months of follow-up.

Collision of Ductal Adenocarcinoma and Sarcoma Tumor of the Pancreas: A Case Report

Case Report   Open Access
We describe a clinical case of a 64-year-old woman with the diagnosis of obstructive jaundice due to a lesion located on the uncinate process of pancreas, with the final anatomy-pathological diagnosis of pancreatic carcinosarcoma, a rare subtype of pancreatic cancer with limited clinical and pathologic data reported in the literature.

Diagnostic Value of SMARCE1 and CRISP3 Combined with Tumor Markers in Cervical Cancer

Research Article   Open Access
To investigate the diagnostic value of SMARCE1, cysteine-rich secreted protein 3 (CRISP3) combined with tumor markers in the diagnosis of cervical cancer. A total of 80 patients with cervical lesions who were diagnosed and treated in our hospital from January 2020 to March 2022 were selected and divided into control group (chronic cervicitis, n=30) and observation group (cervical cancer, n =50).

Management Strategies of Benign Parotid Tumors

Research Article   Open Access
Parotid gland tumor is the most common salivary gland tumors. Benign tumors account for about 80% of parotid gland tumors. Surgical excision is the treatment of choice in most cases when treating benign parotid tumors. However, due to the special anatomical location of the parotid gland and the different pathology of the tumor, there are many complications after parotid gland tumor operation, which also seriously affects patients' quality of life.

Treatment of Thyroid Carcinoma with Radioactive Iodine-131 Following Total Thyroidectomy with Incomplete Neck Dissection

Case Report   Open Access
Treatment of Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma (FTC) is well documented in this case. An unusual case of total thyroidectomy, Central Neck Dissection (CND), Left lower parathyroid reimplantation, and resection of Right Internal Jugular Vein (RIJV) tumour thrombus followed by second operation of excision of lymph nodes metastasis have been described. Three Radioiodine therapies were delivered to the patient.

The Multifunction Role of Tumour-Associated Mesenchymal Stem Cells and their Interaction with Immune Cells

Review Article   Open Access
Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) are multipotent stromal cells that are present in the various parts of the body. MSCs tends to migrate towards inflamed regions and they are also seen to migrate to a tumour. The immunomodulatory properties of the MSCs were being studied for the past decade and it has been observed that these immunomodulatory properties of MSCs have been exploited by the cancer stoma. MSCs role in the tumour progression, stemness, malignancy and treatment resistance.

Qu-Yu-Jie-Du Decoction Inhibits the Recurrence and Metastasis of Stage III Colorectal Cancer by Targeting Inflammatory Pathways: A Retrospective Clinical Study

Research Article   Open Access
Colorectal Cancer (CRC) is among the leading causes of cancer-related mortality and morbidity worldwide. Qu-Yu-Jie-Du (QYJD) decoction 10 prevents enteritis and prolongs CRC survival time; however, large11 scale clinical research and mechanism analysis are needed. Hence, our study aimed to confirm the effectiveness of QYJD decoction in 13 stage III CRC patients and its potential anticancer mechanisms.

A Case of Ovary Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma

Case Report   Open Access
Ovarian diffuse large B-cell lymphoma is rare, and this article introduces a female patient who presents with ovarian tumor as the starting symptom, who was diagnosed with ovarian cancer during preoperative examination, and the postoperative pathological results suggested diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. This report highlights the clinical pathologic characteristics and differential diagnosis of this unusual case.

Double Right Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve: Intraoperative Identification

Clinical Image   Open Access
Recurrent laryngeal nerves are located lateral to the ligament of Berry and behind the tubercle of Zuckerland where they enter the larynx bilaterally. Various anatomical alteration in course of recurrent laryngeal nerves has been reported including non-recurrent course. Recurrent laryngeal nerve injury has been reported as 0.6-1% even in experienced hands.

A Case of Ischemic Necrosis of the Uterus Secondary to Infection Following Cervical Suturing for Lack of Uterine Contraction during Cesarean Delivery and Review of the Literature

Case Report   Open Access
Weak uterine contractions during cesarean section are the most common cause of Postpartum Hemorrhage (PPH) [1], accounting for 70-80% of cases, with a progressive increase, For weak uterine contractions in addition to the first use of uterine contraction agents, when they are ineffective, surgical treatment needs to be used as early as possible.

The DECT Characteristics and Radiomics Model Predict the Infiltration of Lung Adenocarcinoma

Research Article   Open Access
To explore the value of spectrum CT characteristics and imaging omics model to predict the infiltration of lung adenocarcinoma. Prospectively collected 196 patients who were treated from September 2019 to November 2020 in Kaiyuan People's Hospital, received unified standard dual energy CT scan, and postoperative pathology confirmed as early lung adenocarcinoma (pT1N0M0).

An Emerging Therapy for Liver Abscess - Medicinal Plant Extracts Make It Quickly Eliminate Inflammation and Clear Lesions

Case Report   Open Access
A liver abscess is a pyogenic cavity in the liver parenchyma produced by bacterial invasion of liver tissue [1]. The occurrence of liver abscesses is worldwide, with substantial variability between nations. Pyogenic liver abscess occurred in 4.1 cases per 100,000 people in the United States [2]. According to a population retrospective research, the incidence of liver abscess.

The Immunosuppressant Tacrolimus-Induced Atypical Hyperplasia of Lymph Nodes: A Case Report

Case Report   Open Access
Tacrolimus is a highly immunosuppressive drug, and its activity has been confirmed in vitro and in vivo experiments. This drug inhibits the production of cytotoxic lymphocytes and may induce lymph node atypical hyperplasia to some extent. It is necessary to diagnose, recognize, and distinguish the atypical hyperplasia, because nodular lymphocyte-dominated Hodgkin lymphoma is an indolent lymphoma that develops slowly and has a long survival period even if it recurs.

Survival Benefit of Re-Irradiating recurrent glioma Patients with VMAT Technique

Short Commentary   Open Access
Patients who have been treated with re irradiation for recurrent glioma reported survival benefits. Limited data are available for the outcomes after fractionated re-irradiation of 45Gy. This study aims to investigate whether re-irradiation of recurrent glioma with 45Gy dose can increase the overall survival of patients. A retrospective analysis of 35 patients re-irradiated for high-grade glioma recurrence between 2015 and 2020 was performed.

Occipital Condyle Syndrome, A Late Complication of Malignant Insulinoma

Case Report   Open Access
Occipital Condyle Syndrome (OCS) is a rare clinical syndrome caused by lesions at the base of the skull affecting the hypoglossal nerve. It is associated with various etiologies of tumoral and benign origin. Neurological symptoms associated with insulinomas have been only reported to hypoglycemia. Malignant insulinoma, defined by the presence of metastases, is rare.

Tumor Cells Inhibit the Activation of ILC2s Through Up-Regulating PD-1 Expression

Research Article   Open Access
Up-regulating programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) expressed on tumor cells and tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells interacting with up-regulated programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) expressed on tumor-infiltrating lymphoid cells greatly hinder their tumor-inhibiting effect. It is necessary to explore the deep mechanism of this negative effect, so as to find the potential methods to improve the immunotherapy effect. Here we found that the expression of PD-1 in colon cancer-infiltrating type II innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) was highly up-regulated.

P21cip1 Expression is a Prognostic Biomarker in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Research Article   Open Access
Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (ESCC) is a highly incident and fatal disease and represents more than 90% of all esophageal cancer worldwide. It has a poor prognosis mainly due to late diagnosis and ineffective treatment. TP53 mutations are the most common genetic alterations found in ESCC, affecting the proper function of a complex network involved in cellular homeostasis, such as cell cycle regulation. The present study evaluated the mRNA expression of key cell cycle regulators, p14ARF, p16INK4a, p21CIP1, TP53, and GADD45A, in paired ESCC and esophageal non-tumor mucosa.

Opsonization of Early Apoptotic Cells by IgG from Lupus Nephritis Amplifies Activation of Early Complement Components and Promotes Inflammatory Phagocytosis

Research Article   Open Access
SSA/Ro 60 has been reported to be exposed on the surface of early apoptotic cells and recognized by auto antibodies from lupus. The aim of this study was to explore the subsequent effects of the binding of IgG from anti-SSA positive LN patients on the fate of early apoptotic cells. IgG fractions were purified from three patients with lupus nephritis. Apoptosis was induced in Jurkat cells by UVC irradiation. Patient IgG induced C3c/C5b-9 deposition was assessed by flow cytometry. Phagocytosis of early apoptotic cells by THP-1 derived macrophages in the presence of patient IgG and/or Normal Human Serum (NHS) was assessed by flow cytometry.

Metastatic High-Grade Intimal Sarcoma of the Middle Cranial Fossa

Case Report   Open Access
Sarcomas are the most common malignant tumors of the heart. The intimal sarcomas of the heart and large vessels are extremely rare tumors with very poor prognosis, mostly due to delayed diagnosis as well as their aggressive metastatic behavior. We present a case of a 63-year-old patient, who underwent total resection of cardiac sarcoma with biological valve implantation and subsequent chemotherapy. Two years following cardiac surgery she developed aphasia and right hemiparesis. Brain imaging confirmed the left middle fossa tumor. Left temporal craniotomy was performed and the tumor was removed.

Complete Pathologic Response to Neoadjuvant Imatinib of a Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumour in the Stomach with Concomitant Mutations in KIT

Case Report   Open Access
The Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (GISTs) are driven in 90% of cases by mutations in the KIT or PDGFRA proto-oncogene. Pathologic complete response (pCR) of GISTs to neoadjuvant Imatinib is rare and the molecular pathology is not well known. We report the case of a 41-year-old woman with a local gastric GIST. Molecular investigation showed concomitant missense mutations: Thr574Pro, Gln575Pro, Leu576Pro, Pro577Ser in exon 11.

Colonic Polypoid Lesions Healed after Antiretroviral Therapy in Patient with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and Ulcerative Colitis

Case Report   Open Access
We report a case of a 56-years-old caucasian man with initial diagnosis of Ulcerative Colitis (UC) and HIV infection. He was hospitalized for rectal bleeding and subsequently he underwent endoscopic evaluation with evidence of colonic polypoid lesions. Histological findings were suggestive of HIV infection, no referable to chronic inflammatory bowel disease. After Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART), colonic polypoid lesions healed. Our case is the first one showing HAART induced complete clinical-endoscopic remission, in absence of anti-inflammatory drugs.

17-Hydroxyprogesterone/Progesterone Receptor B Signalling Disrupts the Metabolic Reprogramming in Breast Cancer Cell Lines

Research Article   Open Access
Cancer cells rewire their metabolic networks to support growth and survival. Studies suggest the nuclear receptor involvement in breast cancer metabolic changes; however, the impact of progesterone receptor B (PR-B)/17-hydroxyprogesterone (OHPg) signaling on breast cancer metabolism has been underexplored. Seahorse Analyzer was used to measure the oxygen consumption and acid efflux rate in OHPg treated breast cancer cells MCF7 and T47D.

Effect of SARS-COV2 Virus on Nervous System and Mental Health

Short Commentary   Open Access
Severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes COVID-19. COVID-19 has shown syndromic complexity. COVID-19 effects on the respiratory system have been well described in the literature, but we now recognize that COVID-19 also affects several other organs, including the nervous system. The neurological manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection are growing rapidly, as evidenced by several reports. There are several mechanisms responsible for such manifestations in the nervous system.

PAX9 Over Expression in Lung Adeno Carcinoma and Promotes Cancer Progression

Research Article   Open Access
Paired box 9 (PAX9) is a transcription factor of the PAX family functioning as both a transcriptional activator and repressor. In lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), PAX9 was over expressed in A549 cell line, and the higher the expression of PAX9, the worse the prognosis of patients. To investigate the role of PAX9 in LUAD, we constructed an A549 cell line with stable knockdown of PAX9 and demonstrated by EdU assay, wound healing assay and trans well assay that knockdown of PAX9 as a transcription factor promoting cancer progression in LUAD significantly inhibited the ability of tumor proliferation, migration and invasion.

Primary Ewing Sarcoma of the kidney: Case Report and Review of the Literature

Case Report   Open Access
Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumors (PNETs) are small, round-cell tumors of neural crest origin typically found in the Central Nervous System (CNS) but more recently described in the periphery. Peripherally located PNETs (pPNETs) are members of the Ewing's Sarcoma Family of Tumors (EFTs). It is the 2nd most common primary bone tumor in childhood. Less frequently it occurs in soft tissues.

Resveratrol: An Anti-Androgen for the Treatment of Prostate Cancer

Research Article   Open Access
Androgen Receptor (AR) is a transcriptional factor for testosterone and 11 Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) that mediates the biological responses of androgens in the 12 prostate gland and it plays pivotal roles in prostate cancer. This study is aimed at 13 investigating possible inhibitory effects of Resveratrol on androgen receptor. It also draws a 14 comparison of binding affinity of Resveratrol with some known anti-androgenic drug with 15 the help of an in silico approach.

Research Progress of Bazhen Decoction in the Prevention and Treatment of Qi and Blood Deficiency Syndrome Caused by Tumor Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy

Review article   Open Access
The incidence of malignant tumors is increasing year by year. Due to the heterogeneity of tumors and the difference between early and late detection, surgical resection alone cannot meet the purpose of treatment. The treatment of malignant tumors is mainly based on surgery, combined with comprehensive treatments such as radiotherapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and biological therapy.

Colon adenocarcinoma metastasis to the mandible: A case report

Case Report   Open Access
Metastasis is the main leading cause of death among patients with colon cancer. Metastatic colon cancers in the oral cavity are uncommon, and the number of related clinical studies are limited in the literature. We present the case of a 45-year-old woman with mandibular tumefaction. A mandibular bone biopsy was carried out and revealed colon cancer metastasis. The mandibular mass lesion was treated with palliative radiotherapy.

STATs Inhibitors in Cancer Therapy Strategies

Review Article   Open Access
Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) can play a role in the growth or inhibition of cancer by regulating cytokine-dependent immunity and inflammation. STATs constitute a group of transcription factors including seven members that were identified about 20 years ago when the interferon gene pathway was examined. STATs link the receptor stimulation with gene transcription and transmit a signal to the corresponding gene.

Giant Malignant Phyllodes Tumor: A Multi-Recurrent and Metastatic Case

Case Report   Open Access
Phyllodes tumor (PT) is a rare fibroepithelial tumor, representing between 0.3 and 1% of all breast cancers. According to WHO classification, PTs are divided into benign, borderline, and malignant, based on histological characteristics. Imaging features on mammography, sonography and MRI are overlapped and do not allow to discriminate between the different subtypes.

Application of DNA-Based Biomaterials as Carriers for Anticancer Strategies

Short Commentary   Open Access
Precise delivery of drugs to cancer cells can enhance the efficacy of treatment. Drug carriers can be specifically designed to enable such work, effectively reducing adverse side effects. The best carrier materials present high biocompatibility, biodegradability and are devoid of harmful effects on the human body. In this category, DNA has been a popular candidate that can be designed into various shapes by employing Watson-Crick base pairing and structural modifications.

The Diagnostic Significance of the Sonic Hedgehog-Signalling Pathway in Lung Carcinoids

Research Article   Open Access
Typical and atypical carcinoid tumours are relatively rare lesions of the lung. Atypical carcinoid tumours show a more aggressive growth behaviour than the typical ones do. Unambiguous diagnostic classification using the established histological markers can be difficult. The purpose of the present work is to ascertain whether the proteins of the sonic hedgehog-signalling pathway could improve the diagnostic.

Functional Outcomes and Quality of Life in Patients who Underwent Limb Sparing Surgery for Soft Tissue Sarcomas

Research Article   Open Access
The impact of soft tissue sarcoma (STS) surgery on the patient's quality of life and functional capacity after limb sparing surgery needs to be studied in greater depth due to the lack of information in the current literature. To establish relationships between the different clinical and demographic characteristics studied and the quality of life and functional capacity of patients operated on for STS in extremities.

Sexual Counseling in Breast Cancer

Research Article   Open Access
Sexual changes in breast cancer occur after its diagnosis and treatment include mastectomy and are affected by various factors, such as decreased sexual desire, fear of body deformity, fear of rejection by a sexual partner, and sexual dissatisfaction. Sexual assertiveness is an effective factor in sexual satisfaction that means the ability to convey sexual feelings, beliefs, and thoughts, and to defend sexual rights logically.

Financial Restrictions Limit Early Breast Cancer Screening: The Case of Jordan

Short Commentary   Open Access
Mammography and clinical breast exams are two methods that may help diagnose breast cancer in its early stages. Breast cancer is one of the malignancies that can be screened for and detected early. According to an estimate made by Jordan's Department of Statistics in the year 2020, there will be 1,140,460 women in Jordan who are eligible (those who are at least 40 years old) for mammography screening.

Alectinib - Induced Acute Renal Failure: A Case Report

Case Report   Open Access
Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer death worldwide, and it is more frequent in men than women. It is estimated that lung cancer is responsible for approximately 1 in 5 cancer deaths. Alectinib is a potent and selective orally active tyrosine kinase inhibitor used for anaplastic lymphoma kinase-positive non-small cell lung cancer, which has a better safety profile than other inhibitors of anaplastic lymphoma kinase. We report the first case of a mixed pattern of acute interstitial nephritis and acute tubular necrosis provenby renal biopsy upon starting alectinib therapy.

Intravascular Dissemination of Large B Cell Lymphoma in the Lung Detected by 18F-FDG-PET/CT Scan: A Case Report

Short Report   Open Access
Here we describe a 33-year-old man diagnosed with non-Hodgkin lymphoma following resection of a mass in his left iliac bone. He was referred for FDG PET/CT scan in order to asses response to recent chemotherapy and had no symptoms. The scan showed diffusey increased FDG uptake throughout both lungs which was not compatible with any pathologic findings in dedicated Ct slices. bilateral diffuse lung uptake in FDG PET with no abnormality in CT slices, may be due to chemotherapy-induced pneumonitis, ARDS, or IVLBCL.

Extraosseus Ewing´S Sarcoma. Reconstruction after Irradiation Pathological Fracture

Case Report   Open Access
Ewing's sarcoma (ES) is a highly malignant tumor. Extraesqueletal location is less frequent (25% of all Ewing's sarcomas). The management is limb-preserving surgery if it is possible, but it also means adyuvancy treatment which includes radiotherapy, with the risk of pathological fractures which mean a great challenge for successful management.

Botryoid Rhabdomyosarcoma of Common Bile Duct - When Surgery Should Take a Step Back

Case Report   Open Access
Biliary rhabdomyosarcoma is a rare malignant tumor of childhood. At presentation, the most frequent symptom is cholestatic jaundice, which also occurs in cholestatic hepatitis, gallbladder and choledochal stones, and choledochal malformation (choledochal cyst). The botryoid variant, with its typical grape-like growth pattern, is the most frequent form of rhabdomyosarcoma affecting the biliary tract.

Solitary Bone Metastasis as Initial Presentation in a Young Lady Diagnosed with Ovarian Carcinoma without Peritoneal Disease and Distant Metastasis

Case Report   Open Access
We are reporting a case of a 29 year old female diagnosed with ovarian carcinoma who initially presented with a single bony metastasis without peritoneal disease and no other distant metastasis. A single lytic lesion in the pelvic bone without any disease in the body except an ovarian tumor in a young female is an extremely rare case. The order of ovarian carcinoma spreading to distant organs are as follows i.e liver, distant lymph nodes, lung, bone and brain.

Role of Physical Therapy in Aiding Cancer Surviving Patients: Lebanese Oncologists' Perception

Research Article   Open Access
Cancer rehabilitation, a 70 years old practice, awards importance to physical therapy as a tool to help cancer patients/survivors by improving joint restrictions, muscle weakness, fatigue, balance and gait problems, and nerve lesions. These impairments can affect the patient's physical and psychosocial wellbeing and require the oncologist's attention offering patients the available interventions to permit them to live well with or after cancer. In Lebanon, physical therapists cannot, legally speaking, treat a patient without a medical prescription from a medical doctor...

Perioperative Immunonutrition in Patients with Colorectal Cancer

Review Article   Open Access
Colorectal Cancer (CRC) is one of the most diagnosed cancers among men and women worldwide. The incidence of CRC has been rising due to risk factors such as a sedentary, obesity, high fat diet and unhealthy lifestyle. Surgical treatment for excision of the primary tumor represents 80% of all CRC treatments. For this procedure, patients need to be prepared to withstand surgical aggression, regardless of their nutritional status...

Is CD22 Positive Acute Myeloid Leukemia, a Distinct Myeloid Disease Entity?

Case Report   Open Access
Although the expression of Lymphoid Associated Antigen (LAA) is related to the pathological status of patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML), there has been no information regarding a B-lymphoid antigen CD22 in AML so far. In our recent analyses, CD22 positive AML cells showed unusual cellular properties, as evidenced by common expression of leukemia stem cell antigen, interleukin-2 receptor α-chain (CD25) and the presence of various LAAs and immune gene rearrangements...

Iron Deficiency, Introduction to a Diagnostic Problem in a County Hospital

Case Report   Open Access
Focus of this study was set for investigation of a potential diagnostic role of serum-iron-content in case of iron deficiency, thus, its measurements were compared to the simultaneously detected other parameters of iron metabolism and to the hemoglobin values of reticulocytes. Amongst of 644,558 clinical records of patients, a remarkable number of 30,830 iron measurements have been analyzed...

Complete Response of Gefitinib in Pulmonary Recurrence after Pneumonectomy in Patient with NSCLC: A Case Report

Case Report   Open Access
The prognosis of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has significantly improved for certain patients with the development of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs). In this study, we report a case of a patient with EGFR-mutated lung adenocarcinoma, who achieved complete response with gefitinib treatment...

Antibody-Drug Conjugates (ADCs): A Novel Treatment for Hematologic Malignancies

Review Article   Open Access
Antibody-drug conjugates are novel agents used in the treatment of hematologic malignancies. These drugs consist of a cytotoxin and monoclonal antibody, which enables this cytotoxin to target cancer cells while sparing other cells. These drugs are used in monotherapy or as an addition to existing chemotherapy schemes. Antibody-drug conjugates are currently used in patients with advanced hematologic malignancies under certain conditions, usually concerning prior refractoriness to other drugs...

SOX1 and DIDO1 Co-Under-Expression is Correlated with Poor Prognosis in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Research Article   Open Access
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are broadly involved in normal embryo development and abnormal pathological processes such as cancer. SOX1, an HMG-box protein related to SRY, and death-associated transcription factor 1, DIDO1, are introduced as two transcription factors involved in cell fate decision. Our aim in this study was to assess the clinicopathological significance of SOX1 and DIDO1 gene expression in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (ESCC)...

The Effect of Combination of Sambiloto and Spirulina Extract on Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) Protein Expression in Medial Colon of Mice Infected with Plasmodium Berghei ANKA

Research Article   Open Access
Currently, malaria is still a world health problem, including Indonesia. The trend of increasing cases of resistance to first-line antimalarial drugs adds to the list of problems with this disease. Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata) and spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) are two herbal plants that are widely available in Indonesia. These plants have anti-inflammatory activity and have the potential as a new alternative to anti-malarial drugs...

Immunotherapy for Glioma

Review Article   Open Access
Glioma is the most common intracranial malignancy in the central system. At present, the treatment method of glioma is mainly surgical resection combined with chemotherapy and radiotherapy, but the malignancy degree of high-grade glioma is high, and the median survival period of patients is still short. This treatment method has failed to give greater benefit to patients...

Genital Sparing Radical Cystectomy in Women: Oncological and Functional Results

Research Article   Open Access
The bladder cancer ranks seventeenth as the most common neoformation in women, with about 74000 new diagnoses each year worldwide. Radical cystectomy with urinary diversion is still the treatment of choice, both for patients with muscle-infiltrating and non-muscle-infiltrating high-risk tumors....

Calcifying Fibrous Tumor of Lung: Report of a Case and Review of the Literature

Case Report   Open Access
Calcifying fibrous tumor (CFT) is a rare, benign, fibrous lesion typically found in subcutaneous and deep soft tissues of the extremities, trunk and neck of children, teenagers and young adults. Some cases have been described in the pleura and mediastinum. In contrast, CFTs of the lung are extremely rare and only 3 cases have been previously reported in the English literature....

Primary Multi-Focal Myxopapillary Ependymoma of the Spine: One Case Report and Literature Review

Case Report   Open Access
Myxopapillary ependymoma is a rare type of central nervous system neoplasm mainly located at cauda equina and filum terminale. These lesions are considered benign tumors with long-term survival. However, a more aggressive behavior with a multifocal presentation along the neuroaxisis have been reported....

Lumpy Bumpy Esophagus: A rare Cause of Pseudo achalasia

Clinical Image   Open Access
A 13-year-old girl presented with progressive dysphagia for 6 months. Computed tomography on Axial and Coronal plane showed a soft tissue mass in lower esophagus, GE junction with proximal oesophageal thickening (arrow head). Biopsy of lesion showed leiomyoma. Due to progressive dysphagia esophagectomy with partial gastrectomy was performed....

Molecular Profile of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cell Lines A549 and H460 Affects the Response against Cyclophosphamide and Acid Hydrolysis Extract of Agave Sisalana (AHEAS)

Research Article   Open Access
Although different driver mutations had already described in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC), which are implicated with different therapeutic responses, KRAS is the most commonly mutated oncogene in NSCLC. Based on this, herein, we compared the therapeutic response of two NSCLC-derived cell lines, with different point mutations in KRAS (A549 - c.34G>A and H460 - c.183A>T) against Cyclophosphamide....

Desired Sickle Cell Gene Therapy Promise

Short Commentary   Open Access
Sickle cell disease is the most important heritable monogenic disease. More than 275000 infants are born with the disease every year. This syndrome was first identified in 1956 due to a single amino acid substitution in βA-globin ((Glu6Val) stemming from a single base replacement (A → T) in the first exon of the human βA globin gene. This genetic defect is referred to as the missense mutation, which causes polymerization of hemoglobin S....

Aggressive Progression and Chemotherapy Resistance of Fulminant Epstein-Barr Virus-Associated Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis

Case Report   Open Access
Epstein-Barr virus-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (EBV-HLH) is a rare, life-threatening disease that develops mostly in children. Here we report the case of a 28-year-old woman in whom EBV-HLH followed a fatal course despite chemotherapy. She was referred to our hospital with fever and anorexia....

Cloning, Expression and Investigation of Biological Function of Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone (GHRH) in MDA-MB-231 Breast Cancer Cells

Research Article   Open Access
Our aim is to clone the GHRH cDNA and demonstrate the biological function on cell growth, proliferation via generating GHRH overexpressing MDA-MB-231 cells. GHRH cDNA were amplified from LNCaP prostate cancer cells, that have highest transcriptional and translational GHRH expression. EcoRI and HindIII restriction enzymes were used to insert GHRH....

Plasma and Immunohistochemical Biomarkers of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer

Research Article   Open Access
Epithelial Ovarian Cancer (EOC) is one of the most common malignancies. Growth factors such as Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor (M-CSF) and Vascular Endothelial Growth factor (VEGF) are involved in the pathogenesis and spread of cancer. Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs) participate in tissue re-modelling, stimulate neo-vascularisation and inflammatory response. TIMPs are protease inhibitors of MMPs....

MiR-4443 Contributes to Metastasis of Breast Cancer Cells Through Suppressing PEBP1

Research Article   Open Access
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) involved in every aspect of cancer biology. We aimed to explore the effect of miR-4443 on metastasis of breast cancer (BCa). Methods: Transfection experiment, apoptosis assay, wound healing assay and transwell invasion assay were carried out to assess the influence of miR-4443 on BCa cells. Potential target genes of miR-4443 were predicted and analyzed using bioinformatics method, dual-luciferase reporter assay, and Western blot....

Dynamic Changes in the Urine Proteome of Tumor-Bearing Mouse Models of B16 Melanoma or RM-1 Prostate Cancer

Research Article   Open Access
Urine can accumulate changes and reflect early physiological and pathological changes in various diseases, such as tumors. Therefore, urine is an ideal source for the identification of early biomarkers. In this study, melanoma and prostate cancer-bearing mouse models were established by subcutaneous injection of B16 and RM-1 cells, respectively. Urine samples were collected at four time points during tumor growth....

Mantle Cell Lymphoma (MCL) Pathology and Diagnosis

Review Article   Open Access
Mantle Cell Lymphoma (MCL) is a rare sub-type of B-cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL), with variable course. Most of patients with this disease has an aggressive clinical course and poor prognosis that remains incurable for the majority of patients. MCL has been categorized according to WHO 2016 update of lymphoid malignancies into two major subgroups Nodal and Leukemic non-nodal MCL....

A Rare Cytopathology Case: Acinar Cell Carcinoma of Pancreas with Intraductal Growth Pattern

Case Report   Open Access
Pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma is an unusual pancreatic tumor whose diagnosis based on Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology is not routinely reported. We present a case of a 73 years old male with an incidental finding of a pancreatic tumor mass. FNAC showed tridimensional BCL10 positive cell-aggregates with moderate nuclear pleomorphism, prominent single nucleoli and eosinophilic granular cytoplasm. Histological study of surgical specimen confirmed the diagnosis....

Statin Use is Associated with Increased Survival in Patients with Advanced Epithelial Ovarian Cancer: Institutional Experience and Literature Review

Research Article   Open Access
Statin use have been associated to better outcomes in cancer survival, specifically ovarian cancer. The objective of this article is to determine the association between statin consumption and increased Disease-Free Survival (DFS) as well as Overall Survival (OS) in patients with Epithelial Ovarian Cancer (EOC)...

Research Progress of Glioma-Related Molecular Markers

Review Article   Open Access
Glioma is a primary brain tumor with a high incidence and a poor prognosis. Although it is treated by surgery, radiotherapy and other methods, the prognosis of patients is still not satisfactory. With the continuous development of medical technology, more and more Many biological molecular markers are recognized. The combined deletion of 1p / 19q is considered to be a characteristic molecular marker and independent prognostic factor in oligodendro glioma, and it can also be used as an important indicator...

Post-Chernobyl Renal Cancers vs. Control from Spain and Colombia: A Comment

Research Article   Open Access
International differences in the average histological grade of cancers may reflect the diagnostic quality and population coverage by medical examinations. A series of studies of post-Chernobyl renal cancers with a control from Spain and Colombia is discussed here compared to another research. Suppositions about enhanced aggressiveness of cancers...

Arracacia Xanthorrhiza Bancr (White Carrot) Extract Induces Increased Expression of Caspases 3/7, Bax, Apoptosis and Anti-Oxidative Effects in Hela Cells

Research Article   Open Access
The use of natural products has been one of the most effective ways to fight malignancies. Induction of apoptosis has been shown as a relevant strategic in cancer therapy. Several studies have revealed the mechanism by which continued oxidative stress can lead to chronic inflammation, which in turn could mediate chronic diseases including cancer. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of Arracacia Xanthorrhiza Bancr (AXB)....

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